Quantitative Elemental Analysis of a Single Cell by Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry in Fast Time-Resolved Analysis Mode

The elemental composition of a single yeast, green alga, or red blood cell (RBC) was precisely determined by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) operating in fast time-resolved analysis (TRA) mode. The technique is known as single-cell (SC)-ICP-MS. Phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, zinc, and iron were detected in the three types of cell. The elemental composition of yeast and green alga obtained by SC-ICP-MS was consistent with results obtained from conventional ICP-MS measurements following acid digestion of the cells. Slight differences were found in the measured values between SC-ICP-MS and the conventional ICP-MS results for RBC. However, the SC-ICP-MS results for S and Fe in RBC were closer to the estimated values for these elements that were calculated from the level of hemoglobin in RBCs. The data suggest that SC-ICP-MS is suitable for the analysis of various cell types, namely, fungus, plant, and animal cells.     

Effective Characterization of DNA Ligation Kinetics by High-Resolution Melting Analysis

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis has been improved and applied for the first time to quantitative analysis of enzymatic reactions. By using the relative ratios of peak intensities of substrates and products, the quantitativity of conventional HRM analysis has been improved to allow detailed kinetic analysis. As an example, the ligation of sticky ends through the action of T4 DNA ligase has been kinetically analyzed, with comprehensive data on substrate specificity and other properties having been obtained. For the first time, the kinetic parameters (k_obs and apparent K_m) of sticky-end ligation were obtained for both fully matched and mismatched sticky ends. The effect of ATP concentration on sticky-end ligation was also investigated. The improved HRM method should also be applicable to versatile DNA-transforming enzymes, because the only requirement is that the products have T_m values different enough from the substrates.     

基于小波分析的谐波在线监测系统

针对传统谐波在线监测系统存的结果不准确，无法描述谐波动态变化特点，设计了基于小波分析的谐波在线监测系统。首先设计了谐波在线监测系统的硬件模块，然后谐波在线监测系统的软件模块，依据小波变换分析谐波信号特征，得到的谐波变化率，从而谐波在线监测系统的监测结果，最后采用具体实验进行了谐波在线监测系统性能的仿真实验，由实验结果可知，该系统的谐波监测精度高，可以有效检测各种谐波分量，保证电力系统稳定运行。     

拉锻式摩擦塞焊的热力耦合解析模型和试验验证

为快速得到拉锻式摩擦塞焊的焊接工艺参数，对焊接过程进行预测，建立了摩擦塞焊过程的扭矩、轴向力、功率和能量等指标的力学模型和热力耦合解析模型。模型的输入量为焊接塞棒的几何参数、材料属性、焊接转速和进给速度，输出量为焊接过程的扭矩、轴向力、功率和能量等。在自主设计的拉锻式摩擦塞焊设备上进行了焊接试验。通过将试验数据的输入和输出指标与理论模型值进行对比分析，验证了理论解析模型的可行性。     

WC-Ni硬质合金密封圈损伤失效研究

某核主泵采用的WC-Ni硬质合金O形密封圈在运行一段时间后,密封圈端面出现较多的裂纹。为研究密封圈端面损伤失效原因,对密封圈损伤区进行微观形貌分析、白光干涉测试分析、损伤区化学成分分析和表面残余应力测试,讨论WC-Ni硬质合金密封圈表面出现的损伤特征,并对其服役安全性进行评估。结果表明:裂纹源多在密封圈槽堰区和坝区的交界处产生,裂纹多数分布在坝区,坝区损伤程度相比槽堰区较大;裂纹区存在氧化现象,但氧化程度比较轻微,氧化产物主要为W的氧化物;裂纹的产生主要是由密封圈槽堰区和坝区之间较大的应力差导致的,但裂纹体积较小,损伤轻微,短期内不会对整体机械密封装备造成重要影响。     

锤击法在消除熔丝积材残余应力中的研究进展

锤击法在熔丝积材残余应力消除中具有非常重要的研究价值和学术意义。近年来该方法日趋完善,现已成为消除熔丝积材残余应力的重要方法之一。本文概括综述了消除残余应力的方法,并着重分析了锤击法消除残余应力的国内外研究现状和最新进展。希望能给相关工作者提供参考。     

带缓冲区且产品保修的设备预防性维护建模

论文考虑的是一个完美的生产系统,即生产系统所生产的产品均没有质量问题。为提高设备的可靠性,调整市场需求,提出带缓冲区的设备预防性维护优化建模方法。已经出售的产品,顾客在使用过程中可能会出现故障,基于这个情况,在保修期内会予以免费维修。找出生产系统的运行时间(T)和缓冲区库存量(S),以此为决策变量建立期望成本模型。在此基础上,构造求解最优策略的算法。通过数值算例演示了该模型,通过灵敏度分析确定了最优策略和相关参数的关系。     

晶体锗切削温度场的理论建模及数值模拟

针对晶体锗切削加工过程,首先采用热源法及温度叠加原理建立了切削温度场的理论数学模型。然后运用MATLAB软件分别计算出切削速度分别为1.5、2.0、2.5m/s,进给量分别为0.02、0.025mm/r时工件在剪切变形区的温度场,分析了不同切削速度、不同进给量下的温度变化。最后,采用DEFORM-3D软件进行三维切削仿真分析,获得了不同切削参数下工件温度场的云图。计算结果与仿真结果表明:切削速度与进给量的增大会导致切削温度的升高,刀具与工件开始接触时,切削温度、进给量与时间呈线性急剧增加,但温度升高到一定值后会保持相对稳定。相同增量下,进给量对切削温度的影响大于切削速度。不同切削速度和进给量下的仿真结果与理论计算结果误差均小于10%。     

Numerical simulation of pharyngeal bolus flow influenced by bolus viscosity and apparent slip

Pharyngeal bolus flow was simulated numerically using a finite element method. The bolus liquids were X-ray medium, glucose, and thickener solutions. For a low-viscosity bolus, the simulation showed a reasonable agreement of bolus velocity with X-ray measurements. The influence of bolus density on swallowing velocity was investigated numerically. Although a higher density resulted in a higher bolus velocity, the increase in velocity was modest. When the bolus viscosity was high, it was necessary to apply the slip boundary condition to obtain an agreement for bolus velocity between the simulation and X-ray measurements. The simulations also showed that the method of characteristic shear rate proposed by Zhu et al., Journal of Texture Studies, 2014, 45, 430–439 is effective for predicting the bolus velocity for shear-thinning fluids. In order to discuss the effect of saliva lubrication and the physical meaning of the characteristic shear rate, an immiscible two-layer flow of the core and wall layer was analyzed theoretically by analogy with mesopharyngeal bolus flow. The characteristic shear rate enabled us to correlate the macroscopic flow behavior and the viscosity of the core layer fluid. Lubrication due to the wall layer caused the apparent slip and enhanced the transfer of viscous core fluid. For viscous fluid that presented a large apparent slip in the two-layer model, the slip boundary condition was needed in the swallowing simulation. The numerical simulation and model flow analysis revealed the usefulness of characteristic shear rate and the importance of saliva-layer lubrication in swallowing.     

基于双向耦合的东安513型发动机整机多物理场研究

以东安513型汽油发动机整机为例,基于ANSYS有限元分析软件对其进行流体场、瞬态温度场以及瞬态结构场的多物理场双向耦合研究,实现了对发动机实际工况下的有限元分析。研究了发动机整机在实际工况下的受力以及密封情况,并对现有发动机组合结构存在的密封缺陷进行优化调整。文中详细阐述了在分析过程中涉及到的关键技术和要点,并最终获得了发动机整机实际工作状态下的多个结果云图。根据分析结果云图可以发现,发动机在热载荷、螺栓预紧力以及爆破压力的共同影响下,会使整机发生一定的形变,这种变形会影响其工作状况下的密封性能。通过对分析结果的研究,最终选择调整螺栓预紧力的大小和分布来提高发动机密封性能。